Define the
Endocrine System:
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __.
Name the Glands of the
Endocrine system:_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _
What are the two main differences between the CNS
and Endocrine systems:
1._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____
2._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____
Fill in the blanks.
Endocrine system produces chemical
messengers ( _____ _____ _) that influence growth, development, and metabolic
activities. There are two major categories of glands in the body - exocrine and endocrine.
_____ _____ _____ _____ __;
Produce secretions which are released to the outside; the sweat, salivary mammary, and digestive gland systems are examples of
exocrine glands.
_____ _____ _____ _____ ___:
Ductless glands. Greek term "endo," means within, and"krine," means secrete. The hormones are secreted directly into the
blood and are carried throughout the body where they influence the appropriate receptor
sites for that hormone.
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ :
(Exocrine and Endocrine) Some glands have non-endocrine regions that have
functions other than hormone secretion. For example, the pancreas has a major
exocrine portion that secretes digestive enzymes and an endocrine portion that
secretes hormones.
The ovaries and testes
secrete hormones and also produce the _____ ___and _____ ___.
Name
the four Hormones of the Anterior Lobe (Adenohypophysis).
1._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _
2. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __
3. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __
4.
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __
Name
the two Hormones of the Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis)
1._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _
2.
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _
Name the hormones
produced by the thyroid gland.
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __.
2. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __
Fill in the
blanks: _____ _____ __ is produced by the _____ _____ _____ ____. This hormone
opposes the action of the parathyroid glands by reducing the calcium level in
the blood. When blood calcium becomes high, calcitonin is secreted until
calcium ion levels decrease to within normal levels.
If there is
insufficient iodine a condition known as _____ ___ may develop.
_____ _____ ___ in necessary for cellular metabolism
of sugars.
_____ _____ _____ hormone controls the metabolic rate
of an individual.
_____ _____ _____ hormone brings about the development
of female sex characteristics.
_____ _____ _____ hormone brings about the development
of male sex characteristics.
_____ _____ _____ _ and
_____ _____ _____ ___ control the menstrual cycle in females.
The adrenal or suprarenal glands.
A pair of glands located _____ _____ _____ _____ _. The glands are
divided into:
a. _____ _____ _____ ___ which produces adrenocorticotropic hormone
and
b. _____ _____ _____ which is regulated by nerve impulses to
deal with life threatening effects.
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
The adrenal cortex consists of three different
regions, with each region producing a different group or type of hormones.
Chemically, all the cortical hormones are steroids.
a. Mineral corticoids are secreted by the outermost
region of the adrenal cortex. The principal mineral corticoid is _____ _____ _____ ,
which acts to conserve sodium ions and water in the body.
b. _____ _____ _____ _____ are secreted by the middle
region of the adrenal cortex. The principal glucocorticoid is cortisol, which
increases blood glucose levels.
c._____ _____ _____ _____ ____, or sex hormones are
secreted by the innermost region. Male hormones, androgens, and female
hormones, estrogens, are secreted in minimal amounts in both sexes by the
adrenal cortex, but their effect is usually masked by the hormones from the
testes and ovaries. Females: the masculinization effect of androgen secretion
may become evident after menopause, when estrogen levels from the ovaries
decrease.
Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla.
The adrenal medulla produces _____ _____ _____
and _____ _____ ____ response to stimulation by sympathetic nerve during
stressful situations. A lack of hormones from the adrenal medulla produces no
significant effects.
The pancreas has an exocrine
portion that secretes digestive enzymes (pancreatic juices) which are carried
through a duct to the duodenum. The endocrine
portion consists of the pancreatic
islets, which secrete glucagons and
insulin.
Alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete the hormone _____ _____
in response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood.
Beta cells in the pancreatic islets secrete the hormone _____ _____
in response to a high concentration of glucose in the blood.
The testis
produce Male sex hormones called androgens, eg. Testosterone. This steroid
hormone is responsible for:
1. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
2. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
3. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
4. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
5. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ .
The ovaries, in females, produce
two groups of female sex hormones:
The
_____ _____ _____ _____ _: As puberty begins, in females, estrogen promotes
breast development, distribution of fat in the hips, legs and breasts. Also
responsible for the maturation of the uterus and vagina.
The _____ _____ _____ _____ ___: This hormone causes
the uterine lining to thicken in preparation for pregnancy during each
menstrual cycle. Collectively, progesterone and the estrogens bring about the
changes which occur in the uterus during the menstrual cycle, at approximately
28 days per cycle.
